Buyer's Guide · South Bay, California

How Buying a Home
Actually Works.

From the first home you fall in love with online to the day you get your keys — a clear, honest look at how the journey actually works.

Step 01

You're Already Doing This Part

If you're reading this, you're probably already browsing listings, driving neighborhoods, maybe going to the occasional open house. Good. That's exactly where this starts.

The exploring phase has real value — it's how you develop a feel for what different price points actually look like, what tradeoffs matter to you, and where you want to be. Don't rush past it. But at some point the question shifts from what do I want to how do I actually make this happen — and that's when you need a plan.

Step 02

When the Dream Gets Serious,
You Need a Plan

At some point the conversation shifts. It stops being "wouldn't it be nice" and starts being "how do we actually do this." That's the moment to get a pre-approval.

Think of it as the first real step of the journey — not paperwork, but orientation. A pre-approval tells you exactly where you're starting from: what you can borrow, what your monthly payment looks like at different price points, what's realistic and what isn't. Without that, you're navigating without a map.

What Pre-Approval Actually Involves

A lender reviews your income, credit history, debts, and savings — and issues a letter confirming how much you're qualified to borrow. You'll need two years of income documentation (W-2s and/or 1099s), recent pay stubs, and two months of bank statements. The initial review typically has no impact on your credit score, and most lenders can turn it around quickly. I'm happy to connect you with someone I trust.

Pre-Approval vs. Pre-Qualification
Pre-qualification is a rough estimate based on self-reported numbers — it carries very little weight with sellers. Pre-approval is a verified financial review. When you're ready to be taken seriously, get the real thing.
Your Credit Score Matters More Than You Think
Lenders use your credit score to assess risk and determine your interest rate. A higher score can mean meaningfully better loan terms. There's no quick fix, but consistent on-time payments and paying down existing balances will move it in the right direction. Worth knowing before you apply.
Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)
If your down payment is less than 20% of the purchase price on a conventional loan, your lender will require PMI. It protects the lender — not you — in case of default, and typically costs less than 1% of the outstanding loan balance per year, added to your monthly payment. Once you've built sufficient equity, you can request to have it removed.
Step 03

Now the Search Gets Serious

Pre-approval in hand, we move from browsing to hunting. We'll talk through what you've learned from your exploring — what neighborhoods feel right, what compromises you're willing to make, what's non-negotiable — and build a focused search from there.

Before you write an offer on any home, I'll prepare a Comparative Market Analysis (CMA) — a close look at what comparable homes have actually sold for recently. The listed price of a home is not the same as its market value. What a property is actually worth depends on location, condition, recent comparable sales, and current buyer demand. A home that's been sitting for weeks in a market where things move fast is telling you something — and it's usually that the price is ahead of where buyers are.

South Bay has limited inventory and consistent demand. When something well-priced hits the market, it moves. At this stage, being prepared means we can act decisively — not scramble to catch up while someone else writes the offer.

When you're walking through homes, it helps to look beyond the staging. A few things worth paying attention to:

The bones
Roof condition, exterior, HVAC type, age of systems. Cosmetic updates are cheap. Structural issues and deferred maintenance are not.
Storage and flow
Open cabinets, closets, attic access. Consider whether your furniture actually fits and how you'd move through the space day to day — not just how it photographs.
The details
Look under rugs, behind doors, under sinks. Water stains, soft flooring, and musty smells are worth noting. These are things inspectors will catch too, but it helps to go in with your eyes open.
The neighborhood at different times
A street at noon on a Saturday and at 7am on a Wednesday are two different things. If a neighborhood is important to you, visit more than once.
Step 04

Writing an Offer

A purchase offer is a legal contract. Here's what the main terms mean:

Purchase Price
What you're offering to pay. Informed by the CMA and current competition — not just the list price.
Earnest Money DepositEMD
Typically 1–3% of the purchase price, wired to escrow within 3 business days of acceptance. It's a good-faith deposit showing the seller you're committed. If the sale closes, it's credited toward your purchase. If you cancel within your contingency periods, you typically get it back in full.
Down Payment
Your total cash contribution toward the purchase price. The EMD is part of this — not in addition to it. At closing, your deposit is credited and you wire the remainder. The full down payment amount (EMD included) is what determines your loan-to-value ratio and whether mortgage insurance is required.
Close of Escrow Date
The target date for completing the transaction. Typically 21–30 days from accepted offer when financing is involved.

Contingencies are conditions built into the offer that protect you. Until each one is formally removed, you generally retain the right to cancel and recover your deposit. California purchase agreements include three standard ones:

Inspection ContingencyTypically 17 days
Gives you the right to inspect the property and, based on findings, request repairs, a credit, or a price reduction — or cancel if the condition issues are significant enough.
Loan ContingencyTypically 21 days
If your financing falls through for a covered reason, you can cancel and recover your deposit.
Appraisal ContingencyTypically 17 days
If the home appraises below your offer price, you can renegotiate, make up the difference in cash, or cancel.
On Waiving Contingencies
In competitive situations, some buyers waive contingencies to strengthen their offer. This is a real strategy with real risk. We'll walk through the tradeoffs honestly before you decide — it's always your call.
Step 05

What Escrow Actually Is

Once your offer is accepted, the transaction moves into escrow. Escrow is a neutral third party that holds all funds and documents until every condition of the sale has been satisfied. Neither you nor the seller can access those funds until closing.

The escrow officer holds your deposit, orders a title search to confirm the seller has clear ownership, manages all required documentation, receives your loan funds from the lender, and records the deed with the county on closing day.

During this period you'll be finalizing your loan, completing inspections, and reviewing seller disclosures. Staying responsive to requests from your lender and escrow officer is the single biggest thing you can do to keep things on schedule. Delays almost always come down to missing paperwork.

Step 06

Inspections

Inspections exist so you understand exactly what you're buying. The goal isn't to find a reason to cancel — it's to go into ownership with your eyes open, knowing what's there and what you're taking on.

Inspection What It Covers Est. Cost
General Home Inspection Structure, roof, electrical, plumbing, HVAC — the full picture $400–$600
Sewer / Lateral Line Camera down the main line to the street — expensive to fix if skipped $150–$300
Termite / Pest Wood-destroying organisms, moisture damage, fungus $75–$200
Roof Detailed condition and remaining life estimate $150–$300
Chimney Firebox, flue, and cap — when the home has a fireplace $100–$250
Pool / Spa Equipment, plumbing, and safety features — when applicable $150–$300
Starting Budget General + Sewer + Termite $650–$1,100

After the reports, we have options: ask the seller to make repairs, request a closing credit, renegotiate the price, or — if findings are serious enough — cancel within the contingency period and get your deposit back. What you do with the information is a conversation we'll have together.

Step 07

Closing Costs

In addition to your down payment, expect roughly 1–3% of the purchase price in closing costs. These cover the services involved in completing the transaction. You'll receive an official Loan Estimate from your lender within three days of application, and a Closing Disclosure at least three days before signing — both documents itemize every charge.

Cost Item Description Typical Range
Loan Origination Fee Lender's fee to process and underwrite your loan 0–1% of loan
Appraisal Fee Lender-required valuation of the property $500–$900
Title Insurance Lender's and owner's policies against title defects $1,000–$3,000
Escrow Fee The escrow company's fee to manage the transaction $1,500–$3,000
Prepaid Interest Daily interest from close date to first payment Varies
Property Tax Reserve Initial escrow impound for upcoming property taxes 2–6 months
Homeowners Insurance First year premium, required at or before closing $1,200–$3,000+
Recording Fees County fee to record the deed $100–$200
Total Buyer Closing Costs Confirm exact figures with your lender 1–3% of price
Seller Concessions
Depending on the market and the property, it's sometimes possible to negotiate a seller contribution toward your closing costs. Whether that's realistic — and how to structure it — is part of the offer strategy conversation.
Step 08

Closing Day

In the 24 hours before closing, we'll do a final walkthrough to confirm the home is in the agreed-upon condition and any negotiated repairs are complete.

You'll sign your loan documents — at the escrow office or with a mobile notary — and wire your remaining funds. Always call your escrow officer directly to verify wire instructions before sending any money. Wire fraud targeting real estate transactions is real. A one-minute phone call eliminates the risk entirely.

Once your lender funds the loan and the county records the deed in your name — typically the same business day — the home is yours. From accepted offer to keys in hand, most financed transactions take 21–30 days.

A Note on Representation

Why You Want Your Own Agent

The listing agent works for the seller. Their job is to get the best possible outcome for their client — which is not you. Using the same agent as the seller, known as dual representation, creates a situation where the agent has a legal obligation to both parties and ethically cannot give either side real advice. If you ask "what should I offer?" the honest answer they're supposed to give is "I can't tell you."

Having your own agent means someone is at the table whose sole responsibility is your interests — reviewing contracts, flagging issues, advising on offer strategy, and guiding you through every decision with information the other side doesn't have access to.

How Buyer's Agent Compensation Works Post-2024
As of August 2024, buyers are now required to sign a buyer representation agreement before touring homes with an agent. Compensation is negotiated directly between buyer and agent and is no longer automatically offered through the MLS. In practice, sellers can still offer concessions that cover buyer-side compensation — and many do — but it's now a conversation that happens upfront rather than behind the scenes. I'll walk you through exactly how this works before we start.
Common Questions

Things People Usually Ask

When is the right time to buy?
When you've found the right home and you're financially ready. Trying to time the market is a losing game — nobody knows where rates or prices are going, and waiting for perfect conditions means waiting indefinitely. The right time is when it makes sense for you.
Can I back out after making an offer?
Yes — that's what contingencies are for. Until you've formally removed your inspection, loan, and appraisal contingencies, you generally have the right to cancel and recover your deposit. You haven't gone too far until those contingencies are released. Don't let momentum pressure you into removing them before you're ready.
How do I know what to offer?
Start with the CMA. Offer what the property is worth to you, informed by what comparable homes have actually sold for. An unrealistically low offer isn't a negotiating tactic — it often just makes someone else's offer look better by comparison.
What if I get cold feet after closing?
Buyer's remorse after a major purchase is completely normal and almost always passes. If you've done the work — understood the home, the market, and your finances — trust the process that got you there.
Do I need to be present for inspections?
You're not required to be, but it's worth showing up if you can. Walking through the home with the inspector is the fastest way to understand what you're buying. The written report is useful; being there while it's explained in person is better.

The Process, Start to Finish

Before You Search
Get pre-approved. Know your number, have your letter ready to go.
The Search
Showings, CMAs, offer strategy — until you find the right home.
Offer Accepted
Purchase agreement signed. Earnest money wired within 3 business days. Escrow opened.
Days 1–17
Inspections completed, findings reviewed, any requests negotiated with the seller.
Days 1–21
Appraisal ordered, underwriting completed, final loan approval issued.
Days 20–26
Contingencies removed, loan documents signed, remaining funds wired to escrow.
Recording Day
Deed recorded in your name. Keys in hand.
Moving Day
Utilities transferred, movers booked, address updated. The house is yours — now make it home.
Step 09

After Closing — The Move

Recording day tends to sneak up on people. A little planning ahead makes a real difference.

Book movers early
End-of-month and beginning-of-month dates fill up fast — that's when most leases turn and most closings land. If your close date is near one of those windows, book as soon as you're in escrow.
Update your address
USPS change of address, DMV, employer, bank accounts, subscriptions, voter registration. The post office will forward most mail for a period, but you don't want to rely on it.
Transfer utilities
Electricity, gas, water, trash, internet. Call providers a week or two before closing so service starts on recording day — not a few days after.
Pack systematically
Room by room, with labeled boxes. Start with things you don't use daily. The last boxes to pack should be the first ones you'll need: bedding, a few days of clothes, bathroom basics, coffee maker.
Common Questions

Things People Usually Ask

When is the best time to buy?
When you find the right home and you're financially ready. Trying to time the market is a losing game — conditions shift, rates fluctuate, and the "perfect moment" rarely arrives on schedule.
How do I know what to offer?
By looking at what comparable homes have actually sold for — not what they were listed at, what they closed at. That's what the CMA is for. List price is a starting point, not a valuation.
Should I waive the inspection?
That's a strategy question, not a yes or no. In a highly competitive situation, waiving inspections can strengthen an offer — but it means accepting real risk. We'll look at the specific home, the competition, and what you're comfortable with before making that call.
What if the appraisal comes in low?
You have options: renegotiate the price with the seller, make up the gap in cash, or — if your appraisal contingency is in place — cancel and recover your deposit. Which route makes sense depends on how much you want the home and what the gap looks like.
How long does the whole process take?
The search phase varies — weeks to months depending on inventory and how quickly you find the right fit. Once you're under contract, most financed transactions close in 21–30 days.
Do I need an agent if I'm using Zillow?
Zillow is a search tool — a good one. An agent handles the offer strategy, negotiation, contract review, escrow coordination, inspection follow-up, and everything that happens between finding a home and actually owning it. Those aren't things a search portal does.
David Richardson

Questions before
you start? Let's talk.

Whether you're six months out or ready to move now, the best first step is a straightforward conversation about where you are and what makes sense.